Environmental risk assessment of metformin and its transformation product guanylurea I

Environmental risk assessment of metformin and its transformation product guanylurea. I. Environmental fate

Jürg Oliver Straub^{a, *}, Daniel J. Caldwell^b, Todd Davidson^c, Vincent D'Aco^d, Kelly Kappler^b, Paul F. Robinson^{e, f}, Brigitte Simon-Hettich^g, Joan Tell^h

^a F.Hoffmann-La Roche, CHe4070, Basel, Switzerland
^b Johnson and Johnson, 410 George Street, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
^c Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
^d BSI EHS Services and Solutions, 1187, Main Avenue, Clifton, NJ, USA
^e Knoell Consult Ltd., 22 Cathedral Road, Cardiff, CF11 9LJ, United Kingdom
^f AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Cheshire, United Kingdom
^g Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, U009/101, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
^h Merck Sharp & Dohme, 2000, Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, USA

Highlights

• The environmental fate of metformin (MET) and guanylurea (GUU) is discussed.
• Both peer-reviewed literature and unpublished, quality industry studies are integrated.
• New data not only suggest degradation of MET to GUU, but also full mineralization.
• MET partitions to sediment with a fraction as non-extractable residue.
• MET and GUU are not expected to bioaccumulate in fish.

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